How Fantasy Has Changed Since the 1920s

How Fantasy Has Changed Since the 1920s A Century of Fantasy: How the Genre's Changed Since the 1920s The English word, dream, sprang from Old French'sâ phantasie, or vision, creative mind. But you wouldn't be altogether delinquent in the event that you'd felt that it came fromâ the word, awesome. When you think about all the fabulous things in our reality and our minds, it's no big surprise there are such huge numbers of various subgenres in dream - and committed perusers of each subgenre.In our past piece in this arrangement on composing dream, our editors gave tips on composing convincing dream fiction. In this post, we direct a concise assessment of the development of the class and its subgenres. Since we've just got so much space, we're going to focus on the Anglophone side of things - however dream is an overall marvel that is got establishes in Indian legend, going back to 1500 BC. And yet, up until the 1940s, dream wasn't so much as a general term for the class yet! (Fantasy was preferred.)How did we get from that point to dream's current, unflinching situation in standa rd English literature?The Two Giants of FantasyEnter two names that you might’ve go over previously: C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien.The two dads of imagination met in 1926 on the grounds of Oxford University, where they were both on the personnel together. (Lewis was a piece of the Literature group of the English staff. Tolkien, obviously, was even more a Linguistics individual.) So it's interested that it appears to really be youthful grown-up and children’s dream (something many refer to as Harry Potter, specifically) that changed the entirety of that. First, Harry Potter got everybody understanding dream. At that point the class truly sprang into mainstream society when the approach of CGI took dream from our books to our cinemas. Unexpectedly, the universes that we could just imagine in our psyches were directly before our eyes. In 2002, Peter Jackson caught the consideration of the two perusers and non-perusers with the Hollywood adjustment of Lord of the Rings. Then Game of Thrones fired appearing on our TVs consistently, and that, as is commonly said, is that.Where will dream go now?We referenced it as of now, however we’ll notice it once more. There truly is no better an ideal opportunity to compose dream. At the point when you consider it, the greatest mainstream society wonders since the turn of the thousand years practically all h ave connections to dream: Harry Potter, Game of Thrones, Twilight. Indeed, even The Hunger Games is a tragic dream, set in an altogether envisioned (yet unnervingly somber) world.Looking back now, it’s simple to see the numerous ways that the genre’s advanced since the times of Tolkien. Think about The Hobbit, which had an amazing aggregate of zero ladies. At that point look at all the young ladies who are backbones in the most well known dream books now (Hermione, Katniss, Triss).Admittedly, it’s intense to anticipate the future, yet at the rate that the genre’s advancing, there are two major patterns that will help us through the following couple of years:An ever-enhancing range of characters and universes as dream extends past its European and medieval roots. In Tor.com’s past open call for entries, for example, they explicitly requested novellas thatâ were not founded on European societies - looking for, rather, universes that â€Å"take thei r persuasions from Africa, Asia, the indigenous Americas, or any diasporic culture from one of those sources.†Further class and subgenre-obscuring. Dream as of now covers with sentiment, riddles, and spine chillers - and we’ll see substantially more of fantasy’s impacts in different types as the range of authors and perusers proceeds to broaden.Fantasy customs of different nations will affect the tales of the Anglophone world. Russia, for example, as of late spearheaded the undeniably mainstream LitRPG type, where the narratives happen in universes with computer game mechanics.Ultimately, the eventual fate of imagination lays on the minds of the considerable number of journalists out there. In what manner will you give us looks at another universe? Individuals are continually needing to escape from the real world. As it's Lloyd Alexander, the creator of the celebrated The Chronicles of Prydain arrangement, whoâ states the reason for present day dream best: †Å"Fantasy is scarcely a break from the real world. It’s a method of comprehension it.†Has this post enlivened you to compose dream of your own? Enlighten us regarding your thoughts in the remarks. Also, on the off chance that you need to get a considerably progressively solid thought of imagination's advancement, look at this post of the 100 best dream arrangement ever.

The Leaving Summary

This is a short story composed by Budge Wilson name â€Å"The Leaving†. Toward the start of the story, the storyteller of the story who is a multi year old young lady named Sylvie is unexpectedly woken up in the promptly in the first part of the day by her mother. Then again, her mother who is a housewife named Elizabeth approached her to prepare for an excursion yet she is too sluggish to even think about waking up since it's a Sunday morning. So her mom compels her to wake up and get some garments together. When she is prepared they leave and start strolling towards town, Sylvie was exceptionally inquisitive and started to pose inquiries about where they were going yet her mom didn't answer.They then jumped on a train and advanced toward Halifax, however Sylvie had not known at this point. On the train she was all the while posing inquiries and Elizabeth was as yet not replying. They at last showed up in Halifax and they previously went to a modest lodging, Sylvie imagined t hat the spot was astonishing a direct result of the straightforward things like running water. Elizabeth had just arranged what they would do here in the large city, so they set off. They circumvented town, and ended up at the college Elizabeth revealed to Sylvie about it.They came back to a grimy house loaded up with messy dishes, when they strolled in the entryway Lester Elizabeth’s spouse requested she do the dishes, not calling her Elizabeth yet just calling her ladies. When she was tired of it she went to bat for her self requesting that she be called her name and that the young men help with cleaning, and furthermore to be regarded. Sylvie saw this and knew there is a superior method to carry on with your life so she went on to college, and is carrying on with a decent life.

Make It Look Easy With These Proven Writing Techniques

Make It Look Easy With These Proven Writing TechniquesFirst you must choose your persuasive essay topics. The easiest way to do this is to ask someone who is already writing an essay on the topic for their advice and direction. Even if you don't know what the subject of your essay will be, it's a good idea to pick one because it will make it easier to write an essay that you can really be proud of.If you're just starting out and don't have any idea of what to write about, it might be a good idea to look for some free advice from other writers or even ask a person who has written a persuasive essay to give you some advice on the subject. You'll probably find that this won't be difficult if you've chosen the right subject.There is a long list of topics you can use to write your persuasive essay. Some people like to choose topics that they are familiar with, others prefer more controversial topics, while still others like to use topics that are much less popular but seem like they have more staying power. There are topics out there that are either very popular or unpopular.Before you decide on your persuasive essay topics, it's important to spend some time thinking about it. This way you can come up with the right topic without having to stress yourself too much over it. For example, if you haven't written a persuasive essay in quite some time and you're asked to write a persuasive essay about the law then the first thing you should do is spend some time thinking about how you would write a persuasive essay about the law.Once you've done this, you should sit down and think about all the possible ways you could turn a big topic into a small topic. You should do this regardless of whether you plan to write a persuasive essay about something, like, say, evolution, or whether you plan to write a persuasive essay about something unrelated, like social security. These tips are essential when you'first starting out and you might find that your topic was actually very con troversial when you originally started writing.Once you've decided on your topic and narrowed it down to a smaller, more manageable topic, you should start writing. Whether you're writing a persuasive essay about social security or evolution, it's a good idea to first start off with a strong topic. You'll spend a lot of time trying to persuade people to do what you want them to do instead of what you don't want them to do.Once you've figured out your main point and built up to it, you should then write your argument and make it as convincing as possible. You should always try to keep your reader engaged throughout the essay. Keep things interesting and they'll be more inclined to listen to you when you speak.If you follow these tips when you're writing your persuasive essay topics, you should have a great essay. Even if you've chosen a topic that you're not too familiar with, the last thing you should do is get frustrated because you can still come up with a great topic even if you didn't plan on it before you started writing. Use these tips, and when you're ready to write an essay about something completely new, you'll be ready to write the perfect persuasive essay!

Community College Argument Essay - 885 Words

Save Money on Tuition Attending community college before completing your bachelor’s degree at a four-year institution can save you a sizable chunk of change. Tuition and fees at public community colleges average less than half of those at public four-year colleges and about one-tenth of those at private four-year colleges, according to the American Association of Community Colleges. â€Å"I think my student loan was at least half of what I would have paid otherwise,† O’Brien says. Save Money by Living at Home Room and board make up a significant percentage of college costs at four-year colleges. â€Å"Living at home also saved me a lot of money on living expenses †¦ that was an added benefit financially,† says O’Brien. Transferring won’t†¦show more content†¦Smaller Classes The class size is surprising to most students because the tuition is so reasonable. While classes arent as small as those of a leading private university, many have as few as twenty students. In a smaller class, professors have the opportunity to learn more about their students. Likewise, students will find their teachers more accessible and can get assistance when they need it. Qualified Professors Everybody starts somewhere. Some of your professors will be fresh out of a masters program, but many will be well-seasoned academics who carry an impressive resume. Community schools are just as flexible for the students as for the professors. Many accomplished instructors teach part-time at community schools to allow plenty of time to focus on their own pursuits and career goals. In fact, when I attended junior college I ran into one of the professors from the private university I had previously attended, and she was teaching a night class—case in point! Transitional Countless numbers of college freshman transfer out after their first year of studies. Many return, some dont. Unfortunately, many of these students felt displaced and found that their expectations were not met by the university they attended. Attending community school gives students the opportunity to earn college credit while taking the time to select the 4-year institution that is right for them. Because there is little financial investment, most studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Community College Model Works Just Fine1361 Words   |  6 Pageswhich he gave his opinion on Barack Obama’s recent proposal to make the first two years of community college free of charge. Dr. Michael A. MacDowell, retired president of Misericordia University and a writer for Citizen’s Voice, disagrees with Obama’s plan and makes this clear in his article s title, â€Å"The Community College Model Works Just Fine.† MacDowell’s biggest arguments is that the community college group is not the most effective group to offer free education. MacDowell successfully usesRead MoreCollege Is Not For Everyone1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthat most kids take after graduation; college, or should you chose your own path. You began to consider the cost, the effectiveness, and other problems associated with college which makes you start to reconsider if college is actually worth it. You have to decide whether to go to college, an alternative institute, or to get a job. Your dreams are big and you know the chances of achieving them are less if you do not receive a college degree. After all, a college degree is a life necessity, dependingRead MoreCommunity College : Is It A Waste Of Time?898 Words   |  4 Pages Is it beneficial to attend community college before attending a university or is it a waste of time? There is a huge debate on whether or not attending community college is worth the time, or if it is as wasteful as rumored. While some people argue that it is no t worth attending a community college before a university, I believe that it is beneficial. It helps students transition from high school to college life as well as encourage them to further their education. Grubb, W. Norton, and MarvinRead MoreStudent Loans And Student Debt1128 Words   |  5 PagesAs Young teenagers become adults and start College, one issue that doesn’t seem as a big deal at the moment for many students are student loans. Young college students who don’t have the money, don’t have enough scholarship money, or family who doesn’t have the money to pay, will apply for student loans each year. They amount the student receives can vary depending on the college and what the student has achieved academically. Though interest rates are low with subsidized being 4.29% and unsubsidizedRead MorePresident Obama s State Of The Union Address944 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most highly debated proposals from President Barack Obama’s State of the Union address is a new government program that would cover the cost of community college. The â€Å"American College Promise† would provide free tuition to students who enroll in a community c ollege for at least half-time, maintain a 2.5 Grade Point Average (GPA), make steady progress towards completing an associate’s degree and cannot have an adjusted gross income of above two hundred thousand dollars. Obama has statedRead MoreThe Community College System : An Alternative Form Of Schooling1717 Words   |  7 PagesThe Community College system in America is an alternative form of schooling so the student can get out into the workforce quicker than a student could while attending a four-year university. Over the years, the junior college system has progressed to become more intimate within the communities they serve. Whether the student is an older person wanting to learn a new trade, or a young adult trying to figure out what their purpose is in life, the community college is a good place to start. One questionRead MoreFree Education Should Be Provided At Public Institutions874 Words   |  4 Pagescity colleges. â€Å"Belinda Rodriguez is a climate justice act ivist and organizer,† (Belina Rodriguez, n.d.). Rodriguez recently served as Training Director at United States Student Association. Because the source only focuses on economic issues and is closely monitored by various universities, I believe this would be a good source. Both authors participate in organizations that are trying to help make higher education more accessible. Cubberley, F. (2015). THE REALITY OF FREE COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITIONRead MoreThe Postsecondary State Policy Network972 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus is supporting structured student pathways from connection to college through completion. The four pathways are connection, entry, progress and completion (2014). I agreed with this initiative and believe the network is well needed, and is committed to help states create legislative policies that recognize the need for institutional reform strategies. By doing so it helps institutions provide structured pathways through college for more students, while assisting students enroll efficiently inRead MoreThe University Of District Of Columbia Community College Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Colleges were developed with the purpose of providing an affordable and accessible education. By providing students with both academic and learning skills, community colleges continue to remain an essential part of today’s society. Throughout the years, community colleges have continued to develop and transform to provide resources to meet the needs of their students. As new community colleges began to develop, it is critical that they are aware of the political issues that communityRead MoreCollege Free Tuition Should Not Be Free971 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Free Tuition Education is one of the best ways to succeed; however not everyone has access to it and not everyone has the opportunity to have a degree. After high school a lot of students drop out because the college tuitions are too expensive; they can’t afford them. A couple weeks ago, president Obama came with a proposition in which to make community college free for students because more jobs will require a degree in the future. The program will concern the students who are serious.

The Publisher Of Our Sociology Textbook - 861 Words

The publisher of our sociology textbook provides us with a website of resources to further our learning in the course. These resources not only help in this course, but they can also be helpful in real world situations. From the website, I have chosen three course-wide resources and two chapter-based resources that I find useful. I have also explored the lives of various notorious sociologists. In the course-wide resources menu, there is an option titled â€Å"Web Resources.† In that page, I decided to click on the â€Å"Population and Health† category. There was a link that led to the U.S. Census Bureau website, so I chose to go there. The data that the U.S. Census Bureau provides is what I found the most helpful. I can use their data if I plan on studying a specific population for a certain behavior. I can also use this data if I want to compare the populations of two or more different locations. The â€Å"Name That Sociologist† option in the course-wide menu o pens a new window with a game. This game tests your knowledge of notorious sociologists based off of clues given. I find this useful because I will need to learn the names of these sociologists and their accomplishments. I like this resource because it makes me challenge myself since receiving a new clue will result in a point deduction. This resource will come in handy when I study for exams that require knowledge about the sociologists. The â€Å"What Perspective Am I?† option in the course-wide menu is similar to the â€Å"Name ThatShow MoreRelatedThe Textbook, Sociology867 Words   |  4 PagesThe textbook â€Å"Sociology† has tons of information at its publisher website, which includes a different variety of resources that can help expand a student’s understanding of the book and review concepts as well. The website not only has information about the textbook, but has other types of reliable information from outside sources to help understand sociology on a different level. The resources that the website provided were useful, but the resources that I believe that will help me the most is theRead MoreJames M. Mcpherson : An American Civil War Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States history. Loewen went on to earn a PhD in Sociology from Harvard University. Loewen believes that slavery was the main cause of the Civil War. â€Å"The most widespread myth is also the most basic. Across America, 60 percent to 75 percent of high-school history teachers believe and teach that the South seceded for state s rights†, said Jim Loewen, author of Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong â€Å"Its complete B.S† Loewen told LiveScience â€Å"andRead MorePaper1044 Words   |  5 Pageswill it become an acceptable norm? Summarize four potential academic sources The first source that I plan on using is our textbook Deviance and Social Control A Sociological Perspective by Michelle Inderbitzin, Kristin Bates and Randy Gainey. I will use this book to both describe Cyberdeviance as well as relate the information obtained from other sources back to sociology. Reference: Inderbitzin, Michelle, Bates, Kristin, Gainey, Randy (2013) Deviance and Social Control. A Sociological PerspectiveRead MoreEconomics and Urban Education678 Words   |  3 Pagesplaces an extraordinary value in which all children should achieve. However, when economic and ethnic demographics supersedes integrity, equality, fairness, and entailing security for all students. The modern issues of the urban education confronts our society with alarming facts that students are failing not only under the umbrella of the schools but it stunts their ability to see themselves successful in their future. Varying economic statuses can significantly impact the dynamic between studentsRead More Equality for Women Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesreinforced through textbooks, lessons, and teacher interactions with students. Gender bias is also taught through the resources chosen for classroom use, using textbooks that omit contributions of women or those that stereotype gender roles, further compo unds gender bias in schools curriculum. Teachers need to be aware of the gender bias imbedded in many educational materials and texts and need to take steps to alleviate it. We need to look at the stories we are telling our students and childrenRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesAS Sociology Sociology Nik Jorgensen Text  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby StreetRead MoreBureaucracy Defined By Max Weber2013 Words   |  9 Pagesefficient and rational way in which one can organize human activity, and that systematic processes and organized hierarchies were necessary to maintain order, maximize efficiency and eliminate favoritism. We see this in our businesses, government, schools, hospitals, banks, and every aspect of our society. There are always hierarchies in every aspect of life that show us who is in charge and has the power, and the ones below them. This system brings order and puts people in place to have an efficient societyRead MoreFeminism as a Theory of Law Essay2078 Words   |  9 Pagesremoving gender prejudices: 1) Liberal feminism is grounded in â€Å"classical liberal thinking that individuals should be free to develop their own talents and pursue their own interests. Liberal feminists accept the basic organisation of our society but seek to expand the rights and opportunities of women. Liberal feminists support equal rights and oppose prejudice and discrimination that block the aspirations of women.†[3] 2) Socialist feminism is an evolution from MarxistRead MoreAnalysis Of The Apologetics Application Of Groothuis s Christian Apologetics1447 Words   |  6 Pagesflat out good/moral code. Individuals may, and do, make up their own tenets or rules†¦ Morality is not found; it is therefore made. †¢ Humanists acknowledge obligation regarding their own particular lives. There are no inherent guidelines to manage our activities and choose what we accept. We are more best in class than some other living creatures: we have one of a kind capacities of comprehension, reason, and affectability. Hence, we should confront the way that the eventual fate of mankind - andRead MoreBookstore Marketing Plan3746 Words   |  15 Pagesconsumer demographic ranges from 10 to 50 years of age. Mr. Beard has secured a 10 year partnership between EA Sports and DMC for all Marketing Plan rights. His knowledge of diverse age demographics and â€Å"Speed Branding† will be a cornerstone of our marketing plan to understand the complexity of consumers at a community college. Jonathan Fertal, Cofounder and Vice President of Technology, has had a long term partnership with Apple Inc. since the conception of DMC. DMC’s first major marketing

Understanding And Application Of Marketing Essay - 3215 Words

Understanding and application Of Marketing Principles Of Kaffel Ltd. Table of Contents Understanding and application 1 Of 1 Marketing Principles 1 Of 1 Kaffel Ltd. 1 Introduction 2 Task-1 Understand the concept and process of marketing 2 1.1 Explain the various elements of the marketing process. 2 1.2 Evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organization 4 Tesk-2 Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 5 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions. 5 2.2 Propose segmentation criteria to be used for goodsin different markets. 6 2.3 Choose a targeting strategy for a selected goods/service 7 2.4 Demonstrate how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in different buying situations 7 2.5 Propose new positioning for a selected goods/service 8 Task-3 Understand the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 9 3.1 Explain how goods are developed to sustain competitive advantage 9 3.2 Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience 9 3.3 Explain how prices are set to reflect an organization’s objectives and market conditions 10 3.4 Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives 11 3.5 Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mix 11 Task-4 be able to use the marketing mix in different contexts 12 4.1 Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets 12 4.2Show MoreRelatedMarketing1124 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL DIVISION OF MARKETING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE: MKTM026 International Marketing Communications 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Module Code | Level | Credit Value | Leader | MKTM026 | M | 20 | Dr Kathleen MortimerKathleen.mortimer@northampton.ac.uk | Resit Assignment Brief Date set w/c 11/02/2013 ------------------------------------------------- Hand-in date 28th March 2013 Title International Marketing Communications Plan Objectives Read MoreMarketing Assignment 2011- Perfume1337 Words   |  6 PagesSunderland Faculty of Business Law Undergraduate Programmes MKT306 Marketing Strategy Assignment Monday 9th January 2012 – Individual Report Please read all instructions and information carefully. 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It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. The study of consumer behavior helps firms and organizations improve their marketing effectiveness and strategies by understanding issues such as how: †¢ TheRead MoreSaunders, Lewis Amd Thornhill: Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, Additional Case Studies1039 Words   |  5 PagesSaunders, Lewis amd Thornhill: Research Methods for Business Students, 5th edition, Additional Case Studies Case 4a Marketing music products alongside emerging digital music channels Esmà ©e had been working in the music industry as a marketing director for a small and successful independent record label for over fifteen years before deciding to study at university. 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Applications are shifting from stand-alone platforms to being integrated into comprehensive mobile strategies. A lot of app development companies are having a re-think on the reasons why they began their app development journey in the first place. It is no longer a great deal to have an application or lots of application just for the sake of having it. The tremendous impact of mobile hasRead MoreConsummer Psychology and Marketing Communication971 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology and Marketing Communication Message Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communication: A view to Concepts and Drives PSY322 February 27, 2013 Abstract This essay will discuss the definition of consumer psychology, and will describe the psychological concepts and their importance in developing a successful marketing communication message. It will further explain the relationship between consumer psychology and marketing communications. Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications:Read MorePredictive Analysis Of Predictive Analysis, An Integral Part Of Any Business1504 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses. Prediction helps in understanding the customer better and managing customer relationships in an efficient way. Understanding the customer is the most important part of the business process as it impacts the potential growth in business and the success of any business decision, be it a drastic or a minor change. For instance, a product launch can be strategically planned using predictive analytics, if we know our customers better. The sales and the marketing teams work closely with analysts

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing in Fashion Industry

Question: Discuss about the Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing Business Functions In Fashion Industry. Answer: Overview of the Fashion Industry The value of fashion in our daily lives cannot be underestimated. The fashion industry has provided employment opportunities to millions of people around the world. It is a profession and a source of self-interest (d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015). Additionally, for individuals who are outside the fashion industry, it still plays a crucial role. The fashion industry is, therefore, important in the human society. In this regarding, critical analysis and evaluation of the industry are important in its development. As noted by Tselon (2016), fashion is diverse and is often influenced by different cultures that define who are. In the business environment today, outsourcing is playing a critical role in the operations in the fashion industry. Many companies have opted for manufacturing their products overseas (Andrade, Sousa, and Alves, 2015). The fashion industry is fast growing. Consumer demand is on the rise hence the need to produce goods and services efficiently and promptly. The advent of new technology is also impacting on the fashion as it has influenced consumer taste and preferences (Macchion, Moretto, Caniato, Caridi, Danese, and Vinelli, 2015). Is worth noting that globalization is one of the factors that have played a central role in influencing outsourcing (Bonetti, and Schiavone, 2014). With the increased interconnectivity, companies in the fashion industry are capable of collaborating in one way or another. Advantages of Outsourcing in the Fashion Industry Cost reduction is an important reason that compels companies to consider outsourcing. In this case, tasks that will cost a company much should be outsourced to other service providers who can provide the services reduced prices (Caniato, Crippa, Pero, Sianesi, and Spina, 2015). Companies are also in a position to hire experts who can complete tasks effectively, faster, efficiently, and cheaply. Hiring experts through outsourcing enable companies to gain opportunities for exploring new possibilities. Additionally, businesses can venture into various work specialization that will allow them to prosper in this period of high competition. Many studies have revealed that outsourcing has enabled the fashion industry to lower its cost of production (Ceccagno, 2016; d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015; Macchion et al., 2015). Many companies are seeking to outsource their production function to those countries where the overall cost of production is low. Countries with cheaper and readily available raw materials are in most cases preferred. Numerous studies indicate that through outsourcing, companies are in a position to pay fewer salaries and wages (Lin, Piercy, and Campbell, 2013). In the fashion industry, salaries are central in determining the overall cost of production. With outsourcing, companies can reduce their expenditures on salaries and wages. Further, outsourcing is critical in leveraging fashion companies from paying hefty taxes in their respective home countries (Cortez, Tu, Van Anh, Ng, and Vegafria, 2014). Most businesses are affected by high taxation because it reduces the profit margin. Evidence has shown that companies which engage in outsourcing can easily circumvent the strict and onerous regulations in their countries. Doing business in some countries appear to be expensive as a result of several regulations that affect business operations in the long run (Choi, Wallace, and Wang, 2016). According to Macchion et al. (2015; Tselon, 2016), limited regulation is crucial to the fashion industry because manufacturers can lower their retail prices while still maintaining a considerable profit margin. It is imperative to note that outsourcing fosters competitive advantage in the fashion industry. This competitive advantage is achieved through strategic partnerships and alliances (d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015 ). Outsourcing enhances competitive strategies that are required in the current global market. This argument is supported by Lin, Piercy, and Campbell (2013) who notes that through outsourcing, companies within the fashion industry can get quality products and raise the productivity of the company. It is paramount to note that companies can enhance their supply chain management so as to reach greater markets for prosperity (Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). It is worth noting that outsourcing helps in increasing the economies of scale as a result of the greater investment. The rate of return on investment is equally high. With outsourcing, companies enjoy enhanced operational flexibility that is presented in numerous ways. For example, companies have greater access to a broad and diverse workforce at their disposal, and therefore, they are relieved from maintaining the workforce on a permanent basis. In this regard, companies are able to benefit from the contact personnel without the stress of idle workforce or layoffs (Izquierdo-Yusta, Labajo, Jimnez-Zarco, and Martnez-Ruiz, 2016; Tselon, 2016). As such, this flexibility allows companies to adjust production capacity and workforce capacity according to the market trends and the changing requirements. It is imperative to note that with outsourcing, companies have the capacity to handle unforeseen risks and events such as work errors, changes in management, and changes in production plans, and unanticipated delays. Additionally, flexibility enables companies in the fashion industry to deliver products and services to their customers without delays (Tse lon, 2016; Izquierdo-Yusta et al., 2016). Flexibility promotes customer satisfaction. Proponents of outsourcing argue that it helps companies to free up limited time and capital funds to entirely focus on core activities of the business (Lin, Piercy, and Campbell, 2013). Consequently, ancillary duties or jobs can be done by contracted organizations, companies, or individuals. Fashion industry businesses especially those that are engaged in manufacturing can find the latest production technology with relative ease. Mahmood and Kess (2016) have noted that companies can also acquire equipment without necessarily buying them. Furthermore, the cost of maintaining such equipment is small. It suffices to point out that a good outsourcing relationship enables companies to attain new business networks with other partners (Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). For example, Zara which is a fashion company has formed a partnership with like-minded companies in order to expand its retail chains across the world. The fashion industry is very competitive. Only companies that produce customized accessories and products remain relevant in the market. Through outsourcing, companies can efficiently locate good suppliers who can supply quality raw materials for better production (Manuel and Herrero, 2014). Other than quality raw materials, there is the benefit of quick delivery as companies have several suppliers to choose from. For instance, a fashion company that deals in precious metals will be in a position to outsource the supply to a competent mining company. Having a broad database of suppliers enhances production and promoted efficiency (Andrade, Sousa, and Alves, 2015 d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015; Bonetti, and Schiavone, 2014). On the other, companies dealing in textiles can acquire raw materials such as cotton much easier. Outsourcing widens the scope of producer-supplier relationships. Outsourcing provides a unique source of leverage as far as the value chain is concerned (Radlo, 2016; Shen, and Li, 2015; Ceccagno, 2016). In respect to this, fashion companies ought to develop effective strategies that are aimed at seeking out knowledge gaps and imperfect markets that they uniquely qualified to fill. Further, with outsourcing, companies can identify opportunities where there are potential investments so as to leverage their intellectual resources (Tselon, 2016; Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). Zara, a fashion company that has heavily invested in high-end street fashion, is concentrating in designing new products to meet the demand of their consumer as their appointed service providers avail these products in time to the various markets worldwide. Further, Zara conducts some specialized test-feedback mechanisms that support carefully chosen knowledge-based products for the fashion industry. In this sense, outsourcing is critical in enhancing value chain in comp anies that produce fashion items and services (Nenni, Giustiniano, and Pirolo, 2013; Izquierdo-Yusta et al., 2016). With outsourcing, companies in the fashion industry can easily access raw materials required by the business. Countries are endowed differently regarding raw materials (Mahmood, and Kess, 2016). As such, companies, through outsourcing can be able to acquire the necessary raw materials. In addition to this, these companies have the opportunity to forego transportation costs of raw material as they are only used in countries where the outsourcing has been done (Nagurney, and Li, 2015). Some of the raw materials that are used in the fashion industry are perishable. This means that transporting them over long distances is not feasible and can lead to irreparable losses to the companies. In this case, it is only prudent for these companies to outsource their operations and services (Manuel and Herrero, 2014). The fashion industry can derive a lot of benefits from outsourcing regarding cultural relativity and cultural competence. By outsourcing products and services, companies in this industry can address the specific needs of customers all over the world. Studies have shown that managing the rapid changes in the fashion industry requires specificity of activities and innovative approaches (Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). Therefore, through outsourcing, the fashion industry is likely to expand spontaneously (Nenni, Giustiniano, and Pirolo, 2013; Ceccagno, 2016). Indeed, through outsourcing, these can companies can derive specific ideas to will inform their future fashion trends. Disadvantages of Outsourcing in the Fashion Industry Several studies have shown that outsourcing has devastating effects on the domestic fashion industry (Bonetti, and Schiavone, 2014). For instance, the total number of employees in the United States of America who work in the fashion industry is estimated to be over three million (Radlo, 2016; Tselon, 2016). The textile mill employed more than five thousand people. Today, many people are being laid off because companies have decided to outsource their operations (Shen, and Li, 2015). In this regard, outsourcing contributes to the exportation of jobs. This is a negative impact as many people are laid off in order to pave the way for huge profit margins from outsourcing. One of the main concerns with outsourcing work in the fashion industry is the lack of oversight for businesses. In several instances where companies decide to outsource their production, they may lack the capacity to offer effective manufacturing process (Izquierdo-Yusta et al., 2016; Radhakrishnan, 2015). Companies may end up getting substandard textiles as a result of the unskilled workforce and even poor working conditions. The fact that the face value of outsourcing portends a lot for companies, it is prone to abuse. The company may decide to outsource operations to countries where wages are low, yet such low wages demoralizes employees (Sardar, Lee, and Memon, 2016; Shen, and Li, 2015). In the end, the company may have to contend with low-quality products that will be rejected in the markets. In overall, when outsourcing is not down properly, it results in low-quality products and services. This arises in the event that there are weakmanagement and poor coordination of the outso urced operations. It is vital to point out that the fashion industry is culture conscious. In this respect, outsourcing operations may affect the perceptions of customers from different regions (d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015; Shen, and Li, 2015). As much as reducing cost is facilitated by outsourcing, it impedes particular tastes and preferences. Another risk that is associated with outsourcing in the fashion industry is the likelihood of running out of business. Radhakrishnan (2015) notes that it is a fact that outsourcing has led to the loss of business to many companies. For example, a company the outsource operations such as the production of make-ups can lose the business in the long run if the partner decided to take away the technology (Shen, and Li, 2015; Ceccagno, 2016; Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). Outsourcing creates high vulnerability chance to companies hence leading to massive losses. Similarly, in case a business partner that has been given the authority to carry out production becomes bankrupt, the outsourcing company incurs huge loses. The outsourcing company may be forced to search for another service provider with strict timelines (Shen, and Li, 2015; Izquierdo-Yusta et al., 2016). This scenario leads to huge financial loss and disorientation of the company operations. Outsourcing may be more expensive even if cost reduction is its basis (Izquierdo-Yusta et al., 2016). Some studies have argued that it is much more feasible to keep some operations of the company in-house. For example, a fashion designing company may find it cheaper to hire a designer instead of outsourcing the service to another company (d'Avolio, Bandinelli, and Rinaldi, 2015). Cortez et al. (2014) argue that due diligence should be made to ensure that decisions relating to outsourcing are economically viable. Failing to consider all the principal factors may result in higher costs than it was contemplated before. In this respect, fashion companies should conduct thorough and extensive market research so as to be aware of all factors before making outsourcing decisions (Manuel and Herrero, 2014). Another danger that is associated with outsourcing in the fashion industry is data security. In the globalized economy, there is the race to gain the competitive edge. Outsourcing operations mean that a company has to give much information to the service provider (Shen, and Li, 2015). The transfer of the information compromises its security. In some instances, these pieces information have there are times when designs are leaked to competitors. Such competitors often struggle to produce goods and services based on the leaked information (Lueg, Pedersen, and Clemmensen, 2015). Ideally, in the fashion industry, counterfeiting and imitations are common. When this occurs, the companies in this industry will ultimately run out of business. Additionally, the fashion business requires efficient coordination of operations because fashion is dynamic. The decision to embrace outsourcing may result in a slow response to customer concerns (Nenni, Giustiniano, and Pirolo, 2013; Bonetti, and Schia vone, 2014). This is mostly evident in circumstances where there is not proper coordination and communication between the outsourcing company and the service provider. In this case, it becomes difficult to keep the pace with the ever-changing face of the fashion industry (Shen, and Li, 2015). In conclusion, the fashion industry is rapidly growing. The level of competition is equally high. Companies are striving to gain the competitive advantage so as to remain relevant. There are also significant changes in consumer taste and preferences that must be appropriately addressed. Globalization which is the biggest force in the business realm has resulted in several impacts. There is a plethora of literature that indicates that companies in the fashion industry are adopting outsourcing as a business strategy. The practice of outsourcing has both advantages and disadvantages in the fashion industry. However, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. In this regard, companies can engage in outsourcing only after a proper analysis of the prevailing circumstances. Business is required to conduct thorough and extensive market research in order to understand the prevailing conditions before making decisions that pertain to outsourcing. In a nutshell, outsourcing is a business strategy tha t enhances growth through widened markets and revenues. References Andrade, S., Sousa, P. and Alves, M.R., 2015. International Outsourcing: a process approach to the apparel industry. Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios, octubre-diciembre, pp.1444-1463. 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